"wound caused by blunt trauma" (Hoyt, 1991, p. 19-20).

actus reus: guilty by act
compos mentis: of sound mind
mens rea: the intent to commit a crime.
mens rea: guilty in mind.
les murdrorum law: imposed fines if the death of a Norman nobleman occurred (Mant, 1987, cited in Schramm, 1991, p. 670-671).

"one whose profession is to conduct lawsuits for clients or to advise as to legal rights and obligations in other matters" (Merriam Webster Dictionary).

"the application of clinical expertise is applied to civil cases with registered nurses acting as independent consultants for attorneys in areas of overlap between the law and medicine; such typically embrace medical malpractice, product liability, personal injury, workers compensation and probate" (Wetther, 1993).

legal nurse consultants:
"registered nurses who use their clinical knowledge and expertise to assist attorneys with their cases in any context where law and medicine overlap. They fit under the broad umbrella of forensic nursing and are the one group of forensic nurses whose expertise is used primarily in civil, rather than in criminal cases" (Wetther, 1993, p. 21).

"legal psychology as a term was first used by Hugo Munsterberg (1863-1916) professor of psychology at Harvard University in his lectures across the USA in 1908 (Curran, McGarry & Shaw, 1986, p. 45).

"complete removal of offences for behaviors related to some or all substances. Two modules are usually described: drug control board vs private enterprise. Variously related. Proponents usually advocate the application of alcohol control model to drugs" (LeCavelier, 1998, p. 1).

"law that imposed fines if the death of a Norman nobleman occurred" (Mant, 1987, cited in Schramm, 1991, p. 670-671).

"Les Murdrorum Law was repealed in 1340, but the word murder had entered into the English language as a term for homicide (Mant, 1987, cited in Schramm,1991, p. 670).

"lethal injection has been used as the standard method of execution in the United States since the 1970's.

"sentenced to life in prison with eligibility for parole stipulated by the courts".

"incarceration for longer periods of time ranging from 30 years to the natural life of the offender" (Cheatwood, 1998; cited in LaMere, Smyer & Gragert, 1996, p. 25).

"primarily the street operators; may have some connections with escort agencies; and massage parlors; operate 3-5 prostitutes whose 'looks' are not that important; can generate between &700-1000 a night" (Ross MacInnes, Calgary Herald, Jan 21, 1995).

"as a time of death indicator (along with rigor mortis and body temperature), lividity also develops in a regular time sequence. it commences shortly after the heart stops mixing the plasman and red cells together and is visible 30-60 min. later. As the red cells settle, like sediment in a wine bottle, the skin beneath turns red. In a process that takes between 6-10hrs., the red cells break down, evacuate the capillaries, and enter the body. The color then becomes permanent.

"that part of forensic sciences dealing with the application of science to the just resolution of legal issues in cases involving living victims, as opposed to forensic pathology, which focuses upon deceased victims. Living forensics concerns itself with living victims of rape, drug and alcohol addiction, domestic violence (spousal, child, and elder abuse), nonfatal assaults, automobile and pedestrian accidents, suicide attempts, work- related injuries, disputed paternity, incest, medical malpractice, police and corrections custody abuse, drug and food tampering" (McNamara, 1987).

"states what medical treatment a person chooses to omit or refuse in case he or she cannot make a decision at the time of illness and which indicates that the person would rather die than be kept alive by artificial or heroic measures if there is no reasonable expectation of recovery" (Murray & Zentner, 1993, p. 606).

"in forensic psychiatric settings, as well as some general psychiatric services, we have accepted that there are few patients whose clinical conditions such that they are likely to remain in need of long term psychiatric care, in some cases for life" (Mason, 1999, p. 161).

References