jails:
"jails in England first served as collection points for criminals awaiting transportation; during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, the government began transporting convicted felons to the English colonies, a practice that continued for some 200 years" (Manning, 1997).

jails:
"city and county jails in the US range from very small to large facilities; generally jails are short term people processing institutions and are not long term, people changing institutions (Steadman, 1990); jails are usually locally administered confinement units designed to hold individuals awaiting adjudication or those serving sentences of one year or less" (Laben & Blum, 1997, p. 368).

Jails:
"the greatest number of jails are operated by counties, followed by cities and a small proportion are both a city and county operation" ( Steadman, McCarty, & Morrissey, & 1986).

jails:
"correctional facilities that house pretrial inmates and inmates with short sentences of usually less than a year; most jail systems in the United States are operated by local jurisdictions such as counties" (Thorburn, 1995, p. 561).

jails:
"facilities for holding people for a few hours, people on special holds, and people awaiting a legal disposition on bail or remand or while awaiting trial, or inmates serving a very short sentence" (Arboleda-Florez et al, 1995, p. 113).

jails:
"because of the short stay of the population, jails are usually overcrowded lack amenities, and are in general, very unsettled environments" (Arboleda-Florez, 1994).

jails:
"unlike prisons, jails have never had a mandate to rehabilitate inmates or to provide substantial programming opportunities" (Steadman, McCarty & Morrissey, 1986).

jails:
"are run by a town, city or county, and serve to hold a prisoner, on any charge until trial, or while he serves a term on a less serious charge. Such terms can run up to one year" (Holly, 1972, p. 1621).

john:
"the perpetrator or the man who is the prostitute's client" (MacInnes, 1994).

judge (1200-UK):
"to form an opinion about through careful weighing of evidence and testing of premises; to sit in judgment on; to determine or pronounce after inquiry and deliberation; govern, rule" (Merriam Webster Dictionary, 1996).

judicial review:
"in the case of first-degree murder or second degree murder, where the convicted offender is not eligible for parole for more than 15 years, as application may be made by the offender for judicial review by a superior court, to have the parole ineligibility period reduced or terminated as long as the fifteen year sentence has already been served" (Correctional Service Canada, 1994, p. XIV).

jurisprudence:
"the study of law, legal science, legal practice and legal precedent".

jury (1400-UK):
"a jury of 12 persons impaneled to try and to decide finally upon the facts at issue in causes for trial in a court" (Merriam Webster Dictionary).

juvenile:
"some states define "juvenile" as a person under age 18, other states define "juvenile" as a person under age 16, and still other states define "juvenile" as a person under 18 for some purposes and 16 for other purposes" (Lotke,1997 http://www.igc.org/ncia/casey.html).

juvenile:
"a person under eighteen years of age (has not had an eighteenth birthday). Words such as "children" or "youngsters" are occasionally used for variety, but they all have the same meaning" (U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, 1994).

References